Joseph Bickson
IE 673 Distance Learning
Date March 30 2014
ELearning Pack serial number: IE 673-Spring-2014-10-03
This is MY WORK. Nobody helped or advised
Contents
1. Introduction and Objectives of the Project
2. Cases
3. Conclusion
4. Reference
Introduction and Objectives
Making errors is part of human characters. We tend to make errors that affect our surroundings our team and the organization that we work for. Our mistakes can have a big impact on the health and safety of our environment and also ourselves. That is the reason why it is important that engineers should always think of different ways to make their products mistake proof or design prevention that can eliminate the risk of making errors in order to control the nefarious effects of human mistakes.
Most of the products in our market have some kind of human prevention system built into them.
This phenomenon arises after an accident involving human errors. The engineering team takes feedback from the users or consumer reports. They find ways to prevent similar human error related accidents through the design of effective risk treatment control measures.
IE 673 Distance Learning
Date March 30 2014
ELearning Pack serial number: IE 673-Spring-2014-10-03
This is MY WORK. Nobody helped or advised
Contents
1. Introduction and Objectives of the Project
2. Cases
3. Conclusion
4. Reference
Introduction and Objectives
Making errors is part of human characters. We tend to make errors that affect our surroundings our team and the organization that we work for. Our mistakes can have a big impact on the health and safety of our environment and also ourselves. That is the reason why it is important that engineers should always think of different ways to make their products mistake proof or design prevention that can eliminate the risk of making errors in order to control the nefarious effects of human mistakes.
Most of the products in our market have some kind of human prevention system built into them.
This phenomenon arises after an accident involving human errors. The engineering team takes feedback from the users or consumer reports. They find ways to prevent similar human error related accidents through the design of effective risk treatment control measures.
Human errors can cause devastating accident especially on the
road. There are a lot of cars. Commuters are numerous and almost constant t on the road. This a country where the workers are overworked and sleep deprived According to the National Sleep Foundation’s 2005 Sleep in America poll, 60% of adult drivers – about 168 million people – say they have driven a vehicle while feeling drowsy in the past year, and more than one-third, (37% or 103 million people), have actually fallen asleep at the wheel! In fact, of those who have nodded off, 13% say they have done so at least once a month. Four percent – approximately eleven million drivers – admit they have had an accident or near accident because they dozed off or were too tired to drive. It is important that we find ways to awake the drivers that are dozing off and keep them somewhat alert. This prevention system makes noise and renders the ride very uncomfortable. It should be enough and for good measure they are guard rails as it illustrated in the video. Case 1 Human errors can cause devastating accident especially on the road. There are a lot of cars. Commuters are numerous and almost constant t on the road. This a country where the workers are overworked and sleep deprived According to the National Sleep Foundation’s 2005 Sleep in America poll, 60% of adult drivers – about 168 million people – say they have driven a vehicle while feeling drowsy in the past year, and more than one-third, (37% or 103 million people), have actually fallen asleep at the wheel! In fact, of those who have nodded off, 13% say they have done so at least once a month. Four percent – approximately eleven million drivers – admit they have had an accident or near accident because they dozed off or were too tired to drive. It is important that we find ways to awake the drivers that are dozing off and keep them somewhat alert. This prevention system makes noise and renders the ride very uncomfortable. It should be enough and for good measure they are guard rails as it illustrated in the video. |
Case 2
Fire can be very hazardous. It is a utility that is used daily in the modern world yet it can be very deadly. Lighter are a common ways to ignite fire for chimney, grill, and faulty stoves. Those are statistics below according the government. Together, lighters and matches ignited nearly 9% of all fires where the heat source for the fires was known. In 2002, there were approximately 144,000 lighter− or match−ignited fires. These fires killed an estimated 321 people, injured 1,877 people, and caused $470 million in property loss. There were over twice as many match fires than lighter fires, but lighter fires killed and injured more people. More match and lighter fires occur outdoors, but structure fires were the most deadly, injurious, and costly of all lighter and match fires. The reported cause of 71% of fires ignited by lighters or matches was incendiary/ suspicious (arson). Where age was cited as a factor in a fire’s ignition by lighters or matches, 37% of these fires were started by juveniles aged 10–17. It makes sense that the ways that the lighters are designed must prevent people to use them nonchalantly. The effects can be devastating. https://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/statistics/v4i1.pdf 3 |
Case
3- Safety caps
Bleach is a powerful chemical. It is important that we keep it away from toddlers or small children. Even though it is the parent responsibility; as a manufacturer you have a legal and also moral obligation to prevent disaster before they occur. That is the reason why they child bottle cap. It is a good way for error prevention. The end user might not remember to put the bottle away after using it. Especially for mothers that are dealing with multiple households responsibility. The bottle cap really does its job. You need the strength of an adult to open that bottle. Kids to put almost anything in their mouth it does not matter what it is. Let’s say there is a bleach bottle that is accessible to a child if they can open they will pour it all over themselves. There is a possible some of the bleach might come in contact with their skins or their eyes. The second case is safety caps on medicine. If kids have to the ability to open them; they will certainly think it is candy they will put in their mouth and swallow those medicine tablets. They will overdose or they will have to have their stomach pumps. Then they will a lot of lawsuits toward the manufacturers of those safety caps. |
Case
4 Different outlet
The normal voltage for appliances in the United States is 110 volts. However some rare appliances like an electrical dryer require 220 volts to function. If the electrical outlet for 110 volts were designed like the outlet for 220 volts, people would easily mistake one for another. When voltage is increased; current is also increased. That could destroy appliances and cause electrical fire. Even the design for the electrical wire is design differently. It has three prongs; two of them are curved. The fact of the matter nobody wants their appliance to catch because chances are the customers are paying good money for the product that they purchased. They do not want to see it go in flames. As voltage increases, power also increases. Since power, is directly proportional to voltage, it is important if an appliance is design for a certain voltage, the right voltage should applied when they are being used. That is a great way of avoiding a power surge. When a power surge occurs, it could short circuit the appliance that is being used or worse yet causes a fire. The power surge can cause the resistors to overheat therefore fire can occurs and burn down a building. That is the reason why they design the electrical plugs and the electrical outlet a special way in order to avoid those errors. |
Case
5 Garage door
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Case
6 Car Doors
One the common mistake that people do is that they do not properly close their cars. It is very good way to help car thief. Especially at night, it could be difficult to see if the doors of the car are properly closed. It is possible to wake up the next morning and realize that the car is bee broken into or worse it has been stolen. That is the reason why the car is not properly closed at night the lights are automatically turned on. That way people can realize that something is wrong. They would know to close their cars properly. Motor vehicle theft is very common. If the car doors are not closed properly it will be very opportunistic moment for the thief. The recovery of the vehicle could take months if the person that has his or her car stolen is lucky. It is necessary that the engineers come with different countermeasure in order to avoid such occurrences. It is all tied into a Total Quality Management (TQM) principle to think about ways to differentiate themselves from the competition. When the doors are not closed not only the lights comes on but also there is an attention getting sound that is emanating from the car. If somebody the car doors open or not properly closed during the daylight it might difficult to see the lights inside of the car. |
Case
7 Wet paint
That is signed is ubiquitous is most building when they are conducting maintenance. It is not easy to spot fresh paints. If you don’t spot it; you clothes might rub in it. You might ruin clothes. The fresh paint sign alert people that they have just painted that area and people might stay clear from it. |
Case
8 Wet floor sign
This is a tool that is used by janitorial services around the country. It is bright yellow. People will not have a difficult time to spot it. It alerts people that the floor is wet. They can either proceed with caution or they can just avoid the area that they are about to walk in. It is a great tool for error prevention. It is simple and effective. It is all the television set where you are watching commercials in which some is asking you if you have ever been in a slip and fall accident. The facts of the matter buildings need to be maintain and that includes cleaning the building. If the building or the facilities operate 24/7 like a hospital for example; the cleaning would have to be done during the time where there is a lot of foot traffic. When the janitors are mopping the floor is going to get wet. It is going to take some before the floor get dried and people to walk safely. Since wet floor is not always visible to the naked eyes, it easy for people to mistake the state of the floor and proceed in a possible terrible accident. The sign is bright yellow. It warn people of possible dangers. |
Case
9 Nail Gun
Construction injuries are very common. The tools that construction workers are using are getting more and more powerful. One of those tools is the nail gun that can work on compressed air, electromagnetic force and also highly flammable gas such as butane or propane. It is very powerful. Although it is more effective than the hammer; it can be very dangerous. Its use is ubiquitous in carpentry and various construction projects. It can cause serious bodily injuries. Those nail guns can cause huge liability issues if they do not have a serious safety mechanism those nails guns can be fire from a distance and maintain enough velocity and kinetic energy that will all the nail the penetrate human skins and possibly damage internal organ. The manufacturers and designers have to think about safety when they are making products that can cause serious harm and deadly injuries. The nail gun will not fire if the muzzle is pressed toward the gun. The muzzle is a retractable muzzle. It is a good safety system. It would be difficult for a worker to nail his finger accidentally with that safety mechanism in place. It is even safer than using a normal hammer, because sometimes people can swing the hammer; they miss the nail and hit their fingers. |
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Case
10 Safety on firearms
Firearms are very popular in the United States. According to GunPolicy.org the estimated total number of guns both licit and illicit held by civilians in the United States is 270,000,0001 to 310,000,0002. The United States possesses more guns that people. Guns can be very dangerous if they are not used properly. If though they are safety rules on how to handle guns; it is just not enough. That’s why manufacturers has design a safety mechanism. The gun will not fire if the selector is not press down. Even if the gun falls accidentally on the ground it will not fire. The second safety measure that most gun manufacturers put on their product is trigger pull weight requirement which is very common on rifles. The reason is that they don’t want kids to have the capability to successfully operate their product. If the finger of the adult operator slight pushes it the gun will not go off. In most handguns, the trigger pull weight is four to 6 pounds. It is a perfect way to prevent errors that can be deadly |
Case
11 Warning Labels
Warning label in general is good tool for error prevention. Information is the key to make good decision. The fact that the consumers are being warned of possible dangers gives them the advantages of not making the mistake otherwise they would have if the warning label was not physically present on the product. Warning labels are everywhere to remind us of the possible dangers. It is not only a good way for companies to get out of liabilities, but it is primary form of safety for a product. The engineering team must inform the end user on the safe use of the product that is design by the team. It is part of the TQM (Total Quality Management) principle. Safety is part of quality. It is the responsibility of the design and engineering team to warn the consumers of possible hazards and provide them with the information on how to avoid those hazards. Some manufacturers are just trying to do the bare minimum in order to win lawsuits when they occur. The ethical thing to do is have warning label along with the manual. The design team has to make sure that those are will be visible meaning not dirty unlike the i-beam in the video package. The consumer must be able to read the safety labels with great ease. |
Case
12 Height requirement for cars under a bridge
Most bridges have a sign that tell the drivers the height requirement before they cross under those bridges. Some cars are taller than the average cars that are being operated or they might be normal height but they are carrying extra baggage on top. The next case is that the vehicle might meet the height requirement but it is carrying a 40-ft container that makes it taller than the average. The driver of the trucker would normally know how tall the vehicle is with and without the cargo. It is a way to prevent errors. There a numerous occasions where the truck is either stuck under a bridge or the cargo is knocked over because the vehicle did not meet the clearance requirement. It is devastating for the owner of the vehicle because his insurance rate will go up. There are a lot damages that are going to need to be repair on the vehicle and also on the bridge. The materials that are not going to be delivered are not going to be there on time. Lead time is automatically if the materials that were being transported is fresh batch of order that takes weeks to make. The height requirement is good way to prevent errors. |
References
Ranky P.G. PhD, IE 673 Total Quality Management Spring 2014 eLearning Packet 2014-63-26
Ranky, P.G.: A Case-based Introduction to Total Quality Management and the International Quality Standards,
Ranky P.G. PhD, IE 673 Total Quality Management Spring 2014 eLearning Packet 2014-63-26
Ranky, P.G.: A Case-based Introduction to Total Quality Management and the International Quality Standards,